This study examines the persistent tension within AU–EU cooperation between migration control, conflict management, and the promotion of human security in West and Central Africa. Although migration and mobility constitute an established pillar of the AU–EU partnership, policy responses have frequently emphasised irregular migration, border management, trafficking, smuggling, return and readmission, potentially overlooking the developmental and peacebuilding functions of human mobility. The study aims to reframe AU–EU cooperation by examining how mobility can contribute to peacebuilding, livelihood resilience and human security, while identifying implications for migration governance in West and Central Africa. Theoretically, it combines the migration–mobility perspective with human security and peacebuilding approaches, arguing that mobility should be understood not only as a consequence or security challenge of conflict but also as a resource for resilience, regional integration and sustainable peace. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative theoretical desk-study design, drawing on policy documents, institutional reports and relevant scholarly literature. Findings indicate that conflict, climate pressures and livelihood insecurity reshape established mobility systems, while safe and regular mobility can support livelihoods, social networks, labour markets and regional resilience. The study concludes that AU–EU cooperation requires a shift from predominantly control-oriented migration management toward integrated mobility governance. Policy implications include strengthening legal mobility pathways, protecting migrant rights, supporting regional free movement, integrating mobility into peacebuilding, and improving AU–EU–ECOWAS coordination.